(in search of the perfect FIT)
This project is a search for a theory that for the time being is called FIT. Most of what you can read here is NOT considered belonging to the common body of knowledge of physics. In a way much of it is how I think it should be.
FIT seeks to describe nature and why we see it the way we do. It does so by means of a two level model.
On the first level (Space Structure and Space Form) FIT describes what nature consists of and how it works. Summarising there is only space. It has a form and this form can change.
On the second level (Space Form Interpretation) FIT describes how nature can be interpreted. The second level relates the first level to the different perspectives that can be chosen to describe and measure the phenomena we experience.
The first layer establishes unity and coherence. The second layer establishes reduction, distinction and the particle view.
FIT wants to be a foundation in the search for the inner form of the structures we perceive in our experiments. The theory will hopefully give us (among other things) new understanding of the possibilities and limitations of the perspectives we choose.
Space Structure |
Space Form |
Space Form Interpretation |
More Speculations |
Some More Philosophy |
The Project |
Some Definitions |
Some More Pictures |
Some Literature |
From the philosophy that the understanding of the physics of nature should be based on a minimal set of simple and beautiful laws from which all can be deduced, five laws are proposed, one law for the main object and four others to establish its attributes.
There is only space in three dimensions ( the first law
)
Space is in one piece (connectedness)
Space is continuous
Space can be deformed elastically
Space has a stiffness
Explanatory notes:
In the first law it specifically states that there is ONLY space. The word only wants to express that any other concept you want to be there, such as energy or matter or particle, has to come in from a chosen perspective on the form of this space or its behaviour.
The three dimensions are to be mathematically described with the
use of the field of real numbers. The words connected and continuous are used
in the usual mathematical sense. See for instance {Munkres} in the literature
list. All places in space have the same environment
. Space has no
holes,no knots, is not torn and is not discretized (its fundamental group
is trivial
).
Space continuity facilitates local interaction between
points
. Space deformability includes the concept of a universal
or
global time. Space can deform from one form into another and this implies a
chronology. Space stiffness provides us with the tempo of change, the tempo of
interaction.
Illustration 1: From a three dimensional cubic grid the 3D form of one sheet
(a deformed Euclidic plane) is projected on screen.
Here is a film (rotating GIF 1.4Mb) that
shows how a pseudo particle
can be interpreted to come into existence
and disappear again. (See also illustration 2 for the 3D picture and film).
The form of space and its deformations can in principle be described with mathematics through bijective maps that abide by the laws. In simple words: every point in space gets assigned a new position and keeps the same neighbours. This new position is expressed in three real numbers. Space can be twisted and turned into any form within the rules. To describe the twists and turns of the form of space with numbers we can use a 3 x 3 matrix. Each of the nine positions in the matrix is a real valued function of the three euclidic coordinates and of global time which is ticking with a constant rate (one can speculate on possible fluctuations in the global time rate but personally I find this premature). So in a sense one could say that 9 space dimensions and one time dimension are necessary to describe the behaviour of the form of space.
Obviously this deformation matrix is incredibly complex as it describes the changes of the form of the whole universe over time. No use trying to find it. We can however try to describe local pieces of space and their behaviour over time. We can even try to give names to special kinds of deformations (on different space scales) that seem to be localised and start classifying them. As part of the connection between the first level of FIT and the second level (space form interpretation) hopefully we can find isomorphisms between the classification of these local deformations of space and our standard model of particle physics and models of other unifying mechanisms such as string theory. That is my personal hope and belief of course.
Illustration 2: A three dimensional deformed cubic grid is projected on
screen.
Here is a film (rotating GIF 2Mb)
that shows how a pseudo particle
can be
interpreted to come to existence and disappear again.
To facilitate the mathematical interfacing from level one to level two, we can also describe deformed space and its behaviour in time with a vectorfield and a (standard) wave equation. The vectorfield describes the displacements from the original places of the points in Euclidean space and the wave equation describes the behaviour of the vectorfield in time. It is very tempting to call this vectorfield the universal vectorfield. From it other field descriptions may be deduced through maps that will have to be developed. The local properties of space are hidden in the wave equation. So you cannot ask the wave equation WHY space behaves the way it does but it can answer you HOW it will behave.
In the language of mathematics the electromagnetic interpretation of deformed space would (an intuitive direction of investigation) sound something like:
Describe deformed space with the notion of a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold M. One dimension to represent time and three for space. The time dimension is not deformable, just a straight line. (at least as a first order approximation).
The form of M is described with the use of a section of the tangent vectorbundle (TM) on M in the usual differential geometrical sense. This vectorbundle describes all of the possible deformations of space. The particular form M can be described by a (tangent) vectorfield that is deduced with the use of the concept of derivation in the usual sense. The behavior of this vectorfield can be interpreted in different ways, according to the specific content.
For an electromagnetic interpretation we use the exterior differential d and the cotangent vectorbundle T*M. This will bring us to a 4x4 skew-symmetric tensor. Compare this to the well known field strength tensor and dual field strength tensor from relativistic electrodynamics. One could imagine this to be a fruitfull link and possibility for (computer)experiment to make visible the behavior of electromagnetism as derived from the change of form of the three space dimensions.
To be able to understand what kind of universe we live in we use our senses, our measuring instruments and brains, producing mathematics and words to relate to reality through theories. Commonly acknowledged theories today (ways of looking at nature) are quantum mechanics, relativity theory and statistical physics. On the edge of physics we have theories like string theory and loop-quantum-gravity that are very promising. In this section an intuitive effort is made to relate these theories to FIT.
From form to quantum mechanics
To come from a global picture of one form representing the universe to a quantum mechanical interpretation the following is suggested.
A local form (a simplified universe with for instance only one
particle
in it) is to be given a name, for instance electron. In FIT an
electron is a deformed (infinite) volume of space, deformed with a special kind
of symmetry. Each point in space is represented by 6 numbers. 3 for its place
in Euclidic space and 3 for its new place at a particular moment. We now make a
projection of these 6 real coordinates onto a space with 5 real coordinates.
Each point in 3D space gets assigned a number-pair (representing a complex
number). This collection of numbers gets a system name (i.e. electron) and it
represents the (probabilistic) behaviour of the system in its environment over
time. In more regular words: the particle is represented as a point-particle
with a wave function, or if you will: the subsystem is now a wave function with
a name. The projection is the process of distinguishing a system and assigning
it a wave function in space. (see for instance {Tribble} on the physicist’s use
of QM). By making the projection (seeing particles) and as such losing
information exact predictability of the behaviour of space turns into
probability of behaviour of particles.
Some comments on the measuring process:
Objects are:
the measuring system (M.S.)
the primary system (P.S.)
the measurement (M.S.- P.S. interaction)
the measuring system projection (M.S. wave function)
the primary system projection (P.S. wave function)
The global form is considered to be a superposition of two forms, the forms
of the measurement system and of the primary system. This virtual
separation between forms is done by just building the
measurement apparatus (and its ability to distinguish between certain states by
operating the apparatus). The description of the apparatus in QM consists of a
state vector and is calculated from the global form of M.S. by a projection
operator. Obviously this operator is very complex and for the time being beyond
our grasp.
At the same time the primary system is found from another projection. This projection operator reduces the global form of P.S. to the primary state vector as we know it in QM. In these two projection operators lies all our interpretation knowledge. They imply how we order space into subspaces (read i.e. particles) and their relative relations (read i.e. fields). In other words, what do we consider the system under investigation to be and what do we consider the investigating system to be.
Illustration 3: From a three dimensional cubic grid the 3D form of one sheet
(a deformed Euclidic plane) is projected on screen.
Here is a film (rotating GIF 600Kb) that
shows how a flat wave
is bouncing against a wall (blue line)
with two slits in it.
The continuing interference pattern
becomes visible and also the effect of a pseudo black hole
behind the wall. In the film different
slit-distances are made visible. The two red lines are
visualising two screens at different distances from
the wall as in the classic two slit experiment.
Illustration 4: Here is an impression (rotating GIF 1.5Mb) of a projection of space. Only those places in space with enough deformation are coloured yellow. The space between the two blue lines can be interpreted as a cavity with 4 holes in it. The holes in the left blue line generate energy. The two holes in the right blue line emit energy. Sort of an impression of particles existing for a brief period ("quantum foam") and interacting with a screen, creating an interference pattern.
From form to relativity theory
To come from one form representing the universe to the interpretation of relativity theory we can imagine the following.
Complex subforms
like stars, consisting of subforms
called
particles represent masses in space. The space in between the particles is
deformed or stretched and waving
just as it is in FIT and influences
the movement of the subforms. In fact it is one and the same form but once you
start classifying, once you make distinctions and subdivide, you have to start
giving names to the different objects (and their attributes such as mass) and
their relations (forces or stretched space).
When going from a global picture to a local picture with different objects and their relations it also becomes necessary to introduce a second type of time to measure relative change in space. This is the kind of time we are familiar with and we use in relativity theory. The global time is visible in what we call the speed of light. Space deformations like photons travel with a speed that directly relates to the stiffness of space.
Illustration 5: From a three dimensional cubic grid the 3D form of one sheet
(a deformed Euclidic plane) is projected on screen.
Here is a film (rotating GIF 1.9Mb) that
shows how a pseudo flat gravitation wave
encounters a pseudo black
hole
.
From form to string theory
To me it is very informative to create these (discretised elastic 3D) spaces
in the computer. To create a deformation one can take a point or a line of
points or a two dimensional membrane of points or a volume of points and start
moving and distorting it in space. This will obviously influence all the rest
of space. Coupling FIT to string theory would in my opinion be established by
finding the right strings
that manipulate
their surroundings so
the environment looks like a particle we know and recognize from the behaviour
we can measure with our measuring devices. In a way we go from a global 3 x 3
matrix (that represents the new form of space) to a local 3 x 3 matrix to
describe a particle. Again we go from a global picture of one-ness
to a
discrete picture in which we see strings that interact.
From form to loop-quantum-gravity (LQG)
For me it would be very interesting to hear what loop-quantum-gravity physicists, who would momentarily adopt FIT for the sake of argument, would say if they tried to compare the concepts of LQG to the assumptions of FIT. I would not be surprised if FIT could shed light and suggest modifications on some of the assumptions that still cause difficulties in LQG. Specifically the result that space may be discretised seems to me to be a snake biting its own tail resulting from the discretised world of quantum mechanics. Combining GR and QM without an intermediate, I would imagine, has to have the result of either a discretised space (knot states as quanta of space if you fit GR to QM) or a disappearance of the particle view (if you fit QM to GR in a theory that would maybe be called gravitational quantum mechanics). Furthermore I suspect that in a discretised space, the law of conservation of energy will slightly fluctuate and will only hold in the limit where discrete becomes continuous. I would be very interested to hear if any of such calculations exist. In my own grid, which by its very nature is discrete, what I consider to be the analog of energy is stabel but fluctuates just a bit. Fluctuations depend on the relative deformation of the grid. Only locally infinitely small deformations result in zero fluctuation. I need a continuum to uphold the law of energy conservation on all scales (which for some reason I would prefer from an aesthetic point of view).
The speed of light and Planck’s constant
Let's assume the assumptions are right and its a given that there is only
space, that we are made of distorted space
. Then we should be able to
explain where the most important constants, that we know in physics, come from.
My suspicions:
The speed of light can be deduced from the relation between the deformation
of space and its willingness
to return to uniformity, (like excess
pressure related to excess density for deducing the speed of sound) involving
the elasticity and stiffness of the medium called space. In reality it will be
the other way around and we will deduce the stiffness of space from the speed
of light.
Planck's constant and the whole concept of quantisation may be derived from
the stiffness of space putting a maximum on the deformability per unit length
of space. This maximum deformability will result in a minimal distance between
two points that can be folded onto each other
and as such this minimal
distance will be the deciding factor in the discretisation
of space,
the construction of length scales in the symmetries in particle-deformations
and Planck's constant.
Prediction 1:
True unification of our physics theories can only be established when we completely leave our instinctive urge for seeing and modelling particle-like structures separated from their environment
A discrete approximation of a continuus phenomenon will be accurate to any desirable degree but it will never produce a continuum. Therefore our theories, if on a discrete basis, will be approximations, occasionally giving rise to infinities.
Prediction 2:
Describing the universe locally will ultimately consist of describing the internal continuous structure of the set of locally defined Forms (particles) that are relevant to form a discrete interpretation (picture) of our world and the relations those local Forms can have with their environment. This can be done statistically as well as deterministically, depending on the scope of the pieces of space that are under consideration and the knowledge about their internal structure.
One hopes to be able to show concepts like attraction and repulsion
depending on the shapes of the deformations, twisting, denting, antisymmetries
and symmetries in local spaces. Speculate for instance on two point-mirror
symmetric twisted particles
when the orientation
of the
mirroring
is opposite (+ and -).
A natural relaxation in the tension of the
fabric may occur when the deformations get closer. The reverse may happen when
the space deformations are the same (+ and +).
The 4 known forces will come from the interpretation of the form. Gravity
more or less being the simplest force, born out of the cumulative stretch from
all deformations of space The other three forces (electromagnetism, weak and
strong interactions) being born from more complex interpretations of the
interactions of deformations. When interpreting on smaller and smaller scales
one is tempted to anticipate more forces through interactions among finer and
finer local structures. These new forces (particles) will be the unifying
mechanism for our old forces. Speaking of gravity there will be no visible
opposite of stretch because small pieces of space
that are
compressed will be part of the internal structure of elementary
particles and exotic structures like black holes. In the local deformations of
spaces one should find symmetries that can be interpreted as spin and charge.
An implication is that if you are willing to describe nature with the eyes of FIT, the interpretation of the axioms is relatively simple (as in general relativity theory) but the mathematics will be dazzling. This as opposed to quantum mechanics in which the interpretation is dazzling.
When one starts to distinguish between objects, if there is no direct
contact between these objects one could argue that there must be something in
between, space. If there seems to be nothing in between but still the objects
are not touching that space is normally called a vacuum or empty space. In
quantum mechanics we need the concept of quantum foam
to describe the
weird things that seem to happen in empty space. In FIT all of space is
constantly moving and the matter in which it moves will determine if and how
some local piece of space
can be experienced. Do we give it a name and
consider it an object or is it empty space for the time being?
FIT embraces more topological restrictions on space than for instance string theory. Holes, knots and extra dimensions are in my opinion not objects you would want to use in explanations for the structure of objects unless you are quite sure that you need them for explaining real or thought experiments. Questions and speculations may arise unless it is clear that you choose those objects within a broader frame that already puts a hold on these speculations. The assumption that all places in space are equal should not be compromised too easily. Personally I am very suspicious of anything in a theory that allows for stuff like time travel, parallel universes or infinite mass densities located in points.
So many different creatures, so many different perspectives and
interpretations. It would be nice if the assembly of theories that explains the
behaviour of the universe would fundamentally reflect the concepts of
interpretation and perspective. I hope the universe is one whole thing, one
unity, and that, to explain it locally, the theory has to be one of
interpretations and perspectives. Wouldn't it be nice if the whole concept of
I
is ultimately not applicable?
This project is driven by the following intuïtions:
Nature is one whole coherent unity. This is not sufficiently
modelled in our physics theories. Every theory has at its foundation the fact
that it discriminates between things (particles, strings, quanta, fields) and
describes the relations between these things. The foundation should in my
opinion be to describe the whole as a unity and explain from that unity why and
how (and at what levels) you can discriminate between things and why and how
the relations between these things exist and work. A new theory should explain
why the mathematics of our particle-view
delivers great results and why
and where it has its limits and sometimes counter intuitive interpretations.
Some concepts of present day theories should in my opinion not
have the final say
(in no particular order: probability functions,
energy stuck in a space-time continuum, strings in 10 dimensional space, fields
in empty space with quantum foam, discretised space, particle-wave duality, …).
It is my suspicion that it is possible to find explanations for these concepts
in a new theory that starts from unity and very few axioms (as few as
possible).
The basic assumption and hope for this research is that it is possible to design a useful theory, named FIT (Form Interpretation Theory), containing a set of assumptions and descriptions to describe the most basic laws of the physics of nature. To me it is worth attempting to find the words and formulas to describe the world as I seem to understand and picture it, attempting to do so with the scientific method and in a harmonic relationship with current knowledge and the people from the scientific community. I will continue to search until either I (or hopefully we) succeed or until someone shows me that it is of no use. It is a search for a minimum set of assumptions from which all others can be put in the right perspective. This set should be based on simple, beautiful and logical choices. It should be able to show how present models (like Relativity Theory, Quantum Mechanics and String Theory) work within its framework, preferably as specialised perspectives on and interpretations of reality. The theory and models should obviously be presentable to other physicists for evaluation.
Results should be:
A philosophical justification of the basic assumptions for FIT.
A list of consistent definitions of the basic objects for the description of nature.
A set of Forms, their content analyses and a set of rules for
change in the Forms as the evolving objects of nature. (maybe a tree of Forms
(a taxonomic hierarchy) with one root Form
to represent the entire
universe?).
Mathematical descriptions of relations between FIT and today’s physics models.
The interpretation of both the Forms and the set of rules for change (including descriptions and interpretations of three dimensional forms/structures (of deformed space) that can be shown to exhibit the properties of known particles such as mass, spin and charge).
A solid perspective on the functioning and interpretations of experiment and measurements (Local very complex Forms (humans) creating changes (using apparatus and experiment) to form local interpretations). Analyses of key experiments in the context of FIT.
(Thought and possibly real world) experiments and computer simulations.
Predictions.
Analyses of existing physics problems from this new FIT perspective.
Energy | numerical quantity related to the deformations of space (an attribute of a form) |
Form | The description of deformed space. The specification of the position of every point in space. |
Form Interpretation Theory | A theory (consisting of two layers, the Form Layer and the Interpretation Layer) that seeks to explain the inner mechanisms of nature |
Global | Covering the whole of space |
Internal structure | Local form of space inside a specified object |
Interpretation | The process of assigning meaning (objectnames and attributes, discriminating parts of space from their environment) to the local deformations of space. Technically it is a mathematical analyses of a Form |
Local | A part of space |
Local form | (also subfrom) (principally global) deformation of space representing a locality (particle, string, knot, ...) |
Object | As in the dictionary or improvising: something useful to distinguish which has at least one attribute. Examples: a Form, a particle, a field, space, time, a force, a wave |
Particle | as usual or: the interpretation of a piece of space that is assigned specific attributes and interacts with its environment. |
Time global (level 1) | A measure of change, an attribute of space which is directly related to the stiffness of space and the speed of light as we know it. |
Time local (level 2) | A measure of change, related to interpreted form changes |
Illustration 6: In this picture an experiment is illustrated with two pseudo particles with radii of 10 units. Two types of particles (mirror-images) are simulated. The experiment brings the two pseudo particles in the same space at different distances from eachother. The total length of the grid is then calculated, defining an analog for the energy in the deformed grid. With equal particles the least energy occured at a distance of 2 times the nucleus radius. With mirror particles the potential dip (suggesting the most stable configuration) occured at a distance between the nuclei of 5 units (half a nucleus radius). The colourful pictures are a close-up of the hart of both stable configurations.
Illustration 7: Here is a part of distorted space (top and side view using a zonal harmonic) to represent a pseudo electron around a proton in a certain excited state. (Maybe one day it will move through space. Remember these images are just to get a feel and impression. The space deformations do not (yet?) exhibit any attributes that can be recognised as for instance spin or charge)
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